Abstract: The targeted absorption effect of microwave acting on polar mineral in coal,combined with the extremely active molecular bonding effect under microwave environment,can remove sulfur by the desulfurization reaction. Microwave desulfurization has no effects on the coal organism,microwave combined with magnetic separation,acid washing,alkali leaching,oxidation,microbial reactions or ultrasonic wave acting on the coal which has different sulfur characteristics,desulfurization efficiency will be improved by varying degrees,and reaction conditions will be milder. However,the imperfection of microwave desulfurization equipment,the incomplete comprehension of desulfurization mechanism,especially the limited comprehension on"non-thermal effects",cast dramatic shadow on its industrialization. To development of microwave desulfurization technology,the deep study of microwave mechanism,optimization of microwave desulfurization process,development of efficient industrial desulfurization equipment are the problems should urgent solved.